2014年6月27日星期五

molybdenum disk tungsten pros and cons

CFLs ordinary tungsten tungsten poles pass, after heating can emit electrons in both sides of the lamp with a relatively high voltage to form an electric field, the electrons
Lamp will be accelerated, the formation of a certain tungsten tube flow rate and energy electrons, is drawn into the vacuum tube, which is filled with mercury, mercury is the electron current in the electric Child playing with a certain speed on mercury atoms that are excited mercury atoms become excited state ions, known as happened step, the excited state of mercury over a very short Time to spontaneously fall back to its original state. While the release of ultraviolet light, ultraviolet light can not be used for lighting. Common energy-saving lamps have an ordinary lamp Tubes and getting mainstream trichromatic lamp, and has advantages compared to incandescent bulbs saving. The difference is that ordinary lamp color is low, but the lamp of the three primary colors The color showing natural sunlight, molybdenum disk and the color and light efficiency is more than an ordinary lamp. Energy-saving light sources contain mercury. Since the boiling point of mercury is Low to evaporate at room temperature, after crushing discarded fluorescent tubes, and immediately distributed to the surrounding mercury vapor, allows instantaneous ambient air concentration of mercury per cubic M 10 to 20 mg, the state's maximum allowable mercury concentration in the air of 0.01 milligrams per cubic meter. Mercury into the human body is difficult to be excluded. 1, the production During and after use of waste mercury contamination, mercury pollution is currently Western countries is considerable attention. 2, because it is glass, easily broken, bad transportation. Not Installed. 3, the power consumption is still too big.
4, easy to damage, short life, energy and money molybdenum plating this sentence is that it is not the best portrayal.

2014年6月25日星期三

molybdenum disk Tungsten and molybdenum

Tungsten and molybdenum have high melting point, high strength hardness, good high temperature performance, low resistivity, thermal expansion coefficient, electron work function of small features, is the most widely tungsten sheet used high-temperature
Metal materials. My company production of a variety of pure tungsten, pure molybdenum tubes, rods, plates, ingots, crucibles and various shaped products. Such as high temperature furnace parts, high Temperature crucibles, tubes semiconductor components, lamp anode, various electrodes, glass, industrial parts, galvanic porous and composite casing and the like. Tungsten crucible, tungsten tube, Tungsten and tungsten-rhenium tungsten disk alloy plate is an important component of Sapphire Dan Changjing stove and MOCVD; various large tungsten tube mandrel, forming, feeding station is connected to the furnace and quartz glass
Other important components of high temperature furnace; tungsten and molybdenum tube, tungsten and molybdenum crucible electrode is also indispensable for rare earth smelting industry consumables. Produced by our company through these products
Sapphire Dan Changjing many factories nationwide, MOCVD tungsten tube epitaxy facility, quartz glass, high temperature heat treatment plants and rare earth smelting plant for many years, with excellent results.

2014年6月23日星期一

molybdenum wire of the history of tungsten

Development of tungsten industry from the outset with the light bulb industry closely linked. In 1878, Edison (T.A.Edison) invented the carbon filament light bulbs.
But this bulb there is a serious drawback, mainly life is too short. Nearly 20 years later (1897), osmium carbon filament yarn and tantalum wire was replaced, but the Os, Ta melting
Points lower, and thus low operating molybdenum disk temperature and light effects.
1879 Edison carbon filament probation and hundreds of hours of use. Although the "carbon" has a high melting point (3550 ℃), but it has a low "sublimation"
Temperature. Sublimation at low temperatures directly from solid to gaseous state, making it easy to consume, life is short. And must be completely isolated from the air (will burn in air)
. A melting point of almost all the current (3410 ℃) tungsten wire, the advantage of lower melting point which is lower than the "sublimation" rate. Can be heated to a higher "carbon
Silk "higher temperatures. Tungsten same will burn in air, requiring bulbs evacuated.
To prevent sublimation of the filament within the lamp contains an inert gas such as argon gas is mainly (argon) and does not contain oxygen. So that part of the gas by collision
Of tungsten atoms can return to the filament. Although the inert gas increases the service life of the filament, but also paid a price. Since the original vacuum bulb
The increased presence of an inert gas heat conduction and convection, the energy away, so reducing the equilibrium temperature. Sublimation gas tungsten inert gas formed in the weak The particles can also be formed on the surface convection within the lamp black spots.
In 1903, according to Jay zafirlukast (A.Just) and Hannah door (F.Hannaman) patents, Hungary for the first time to create a tungsten filament. It is the freedom of hydrogen containing carbon filament
Tungsten oxyhalide steam heated to a high temperature by the current, the carbon is completely replaced by tungsten. Incandescent filaments thus obtained contain more or less of carbon, not brittle
Very serious, and when using the lamp filament continuously molybdenum plating densified filament thus vary the electrical parameters.
In 1904, Jay Sterling and Hannah door recognize the impact of carbon on the brittle carbon compounds mixed binder and tungsten, and then extruded into filaments, and then in hydrogen Reduction by heating the metal. Tungsten prepared in this way is very brittle, but because it is a much better light efficiency, or to replace the carbon filament, osmium and tantalum wire filament lamp used for the production Bubble.
Preparation of these methods are not fine tungsten wire. To solve this problem, in 1907, a low nickel content of tungsten alloy available, it is through machining methods
Prepared, but it is seriously hampered the application of brittleness. Until 1909, Coolidge (w.D.Coolidge) General Electric Company by powder metallurgy
Legal tungsten billet was then produced by machining ductile tungsten filament at room temperature, thereby laying the foundation for tungsten processing industry, but also laid the powder metallurgy Foundation.
However, this "ductility" tungsten filament light bulb lit after showed significant brittleness. In 1913, Ping Qi (Pintsch) invented the thorium tungsten wire (ThO2 content of 1% to
2%), so that the incandescent lamp is greatly reduced brittleness. Initially, the filament sag (see anti-sag tungsten performance) is not a problem, because the filament
Straight wire, but after 1913, Langmuir (Langmuir) will be replaced by straight wire spiral wire, so that when the lamp, high operating temperature and weight to make the role of
Filament sag, so pure tungsten and tungsten thorium are difficult to meet the requirements.
In order to solve the short life tungsten sagging and other issues, in 1917, Perth (A.Pacz) invented the high temperature "deformation" of the tungsten filament. At first, he was in the preparation of pure tungsten
When using a refractory crucible roasting WO3, WO3 restore accidentally discovered this tungsten spiral made of tungsten powder resulting abnormal mysteriously re-crystallized by no sagging. Follow
Later, after 218 repeated experiments, he finally found that the tungsten ingot addition of potassium and sodium silicate in tungstate (WO3 · H2O), after reduction, pressing, sintering, machining
And other prepared tungsten wire, after a fairly coarse recrystallized grain structure, neither soft and anti-sagging, this is the first non-sag tungsten wire. Perth found no fewer than laid
Vertical tungsten production base, now called the United States still does not sag tungsten as "218 tungsten wire", to commemorate this major discovery Perth.
However, the first production of non-sag tungsten brittle than thorium tungsten severe that some tungsten bulb factory insist on using thorium as a filament. But with no sag tungsten production Process of continuous development and improvement, people gradually realize that tungsten oxide is added in the same K, Si, Al compounds that can make a good tungsten filament at high temperatures
Anti-sag performance, while having been satisfied after recrystallization temperature ductility. This is now commonly known as "AKS tungsten wire," or "does not sag tungsten wire" or
"Doped tungsten wire," Mir doped chan Carolina (T.Millner) in 1931, molybdenum plating this improvement will not sag effect is called "GK effect."

2014年6月20日星期五

molybdenum disk tungsten applications

tungsten applications
In addition to a small amount of tungsten heating material for high temperature furnace, heater tubes and composite reinforcement endures, most of them are used for the production of white
Tungsten wire
Filament incandescent lamps and molybdenum disk halogen and gas discharge lamp electrodes. Cathode gas discharge lamp for use as tungsten or tungsten rods, in order to reduce its electron work function, shall be added
0.5-3% thorium, tungsten thorium called wire. Since Thorium is a radioactive element, pollute the environment, it made a useful cerium tungsten thorium instead of cerium cerium tungsten wire or rod. But cerium
Evaporation rate, so that a tungsten filament or tungsten, cerium Ce can be used for small power pole gas discharge lamp.
Once the use of tungsten at high temperature recrystallization becomes very brittle in case of a shock or vibration can easily break. In some of the requirements of high reliability electric light
Products in order to prevent breakage of the filament, often in the tungsten molybdenum wire doped with 3 to 5% of rhenium, tungsten, rhenium wire is called, it can make the tungsten brittle transition temperature down to the extension at room temperature
Temperature or below. This is a very strange rhenium effect has not yet been able to find a substitute element rhenium, tungsten produce the same effect.
Tungsten at room temperature has good acid and alkali capacity, but in moist air easily oxidized, so fine tungsten can not be stored for too long in a wet environment. Also tungsten
1200 ℃ down to start the reaction with carbon from tungsten carbide, so the filament to burn hydrogen treatment should pay attention to this issue, otherwise its surface tungsten graphite lubrication
Reacting agent, the filament tungsten sheet must brittle fracture.

2014年6月18日星期三

molybdenum disk heat radiation, the difference between Di

heat radiation, the difference between Di
Objects thermal radiation will produce a variety of different frequencies molybdenum disk (wavelengths) of electromagnetic waves. For tungsten, the incident surface waves are absorbed almost one hundred percent. (Suck
Radiation coefficient close to 1) for tungsten, the incident surface waves is almost one hundred percent will be absorbed (absorption and radiation coefficient is 1) so the thermal radiation received
Near blackbody radiation spectrum only related to temperature. So close to the thermal radiation tungsten sheet spectrum of blackbody radiation related to temperature only.
Difference dysprosium
The easiest way: There are two kinds of materials to make a big difference lamps, dysprosium lamp color temperature is about 5600, there will fluctuate because of the aging of the lamp
Tungsten wire
What, are generally around 5600K. Tungsten color temperature is molybdenum wire 3200K! This is the biggest difference between the two, dysprosium lamp is white, incandescent light is yellow, dysprosium lamp was
Many models are not the same, in order to prevail ARR lamps, dysprosium lamp includes: 200W, 575W, 2000W, 2500W, 4000W, 6000W, 12000W still new
PAR lamps, dysprosium lamps also belongs, 200PAR, 575PAR, 1200PAR, 4000PAR, 6000PAR, 12000PAR Tungsten include: 50W, 300W, 650W,
1000W, 2000W, 5000W, 24000W!

2014年6月16日星期一

molybdenum disk Tungsten wire

Tungsten
CFLs ordinary tungsten tungsten poles pass, after heating can emit electrons in both sides of the lamp with a relatively high voltage to form an electric field, the electrons
Lamp will be accelerated, the formation of a certain flow rate and energy electrons, is drawn into the vacuum tube, which is filled with mercury, the
Tungsten wire
Mercury in the electron stream at a constant speed electrons hit the mercury atoms, so that the mercury atoms are excited into ions excited state, known as a step molybdenum disk occurs, the laser
Mercury sent state over a very short period of time spontaneously fall to its original state. While the release of ultraviolet light, ultraviolet light can not be used for lighting. Common energy
Lamp has an ordinary lamp and getting mainstream trichromatic lamp, and has power-saving advantages compared to incandescent bulbs. The difference is that ordinary lamp color bias
Low while the lamp is showing the three primary molybdenum wire colors of natural sunlight, and the color and light efficiency is more than an ordinary lamp. Energy-saving light sources contain
Mercury. Due to the low boiling point of mercury at room temperature to evaporate, after crushing the waste fluorescent tubes, mercury vapor immediately distributed to the surrounding, the instantaneous ambient air can
The mercury concentration of 10 to 20 milligrams per cubic meter, the state's maximum allowable mercury concentration in the air of 0.01 milligrams per cubic meter. Mercury into the human body is difficult
Are excluded.
1, the production process and discarded after use of mercury contamination, mercury pollution in Western countries is considerable attention.
2, because it is glass, easily broken, bad transportation. tungsten sheet Bad installation.
3, the power consumption is still too big.
4, easy to damage, short life, energy and money this sentence is that it is not the best portrayal.