molybdenum disk copper and copper alloy

W is tungsten, copper and copper alloy, tungsten-copper alloy used copper content of 10% to 50%. Tungsten copper alloy powder metallurgy method of preparation, has good electrical and thermal conductivity, good high temperature tungsten sheet‍ strength and a certain plasticity. At very high temperatures, such as above 3000 ℃, tungsten-copper alloy of copper is liquefied tungsten electrode absorbs heat and reduce the material surface temperature. molybdenum disk‍ So this kind of material is also called metal sweating materials. Tungsten copper alloy has relatively wide range of uses, mainly used to manufacture high-voltage electrical arc erosion resistant switch contacts and the rocket nozzle throat, rudder and other high temperature components, also used as EDM electrodes, tungsten weights‍ high temperature mold processing as well as other requirements of thermal conductivity properties and high temperature use of the occasion.

molybdenum wire tungsten is a modern industrial

Tungsten and tungsten alloys Very versatile, tungsten is a modern industrial, defense and high-tech applications in one very important functional materials, and is widely used in aerospace, nuclear, marine, automotive industry, tungsten sheet‍ electrical industry, electronic industry, chemical industry and other areas. Most of tungsten carbide andtungsten bolts in the production of iron. Tungsten and chromium, molybdenum, cobalt alloy molybdenum disk‍  composition for the production of heat-resistant tools, such as gas turbine blades and combustion tube. Tungsten with tantalum, niobium, molybdenum and other components difficult fluxing. Tungsten and tungsten copper silver alloy material used as electrical contacts. High density tungsten nickel-copper alloy as radiation tungsten weights‍ protection shield. Tungsten wire, rods, sheets, etc. for the production of light bulbs, tube components and arc welding electrodes.

tungsten sheet in the same working conditions

Depending on the circumstances, commonly used assessment methods are: 1) in the same working conditions (speed, load, temperature, etc.) tungsten sheet‍  friction surface mount and damage due severity; 2) friction occurs when occlusal load; 3 ) friction in the friction process, the friction torque (friction coefficient) mutated load; 4) based on the wear of friction and wear test surface morphology microscopic analysis. molybdenum disk‍ Tests mainly in dry friction or lack of lubrication conditions. These methods are the main problems is the state of the dry friction wear mechanism and cylinder - piston ring work is significantly different, the test results of simulations of the poor, lack of lubrication conditions are difficult to control, tungsten weights‍ poor reproducibility of test results.

molybdenum disk tungsten pros and cons

CFLs ordinary tungsten tungsten poles pass, after heating can emit electrons in both sides of the lamp with a relatively high voltage to form an electric field, the electrons

Lamp will be accelerated, the formation of a certain tungsten tube flow rate and energy electrons, is drawn into the vacuum tube, which is filled with mercury, mercury is the electron current in the electric Child playing with a certain speed on mercury atoms that are excited mercury atoms become excited state ions, known as happened step, the excited state of mercury over a very short Time to spontaneously fall back to its original state. While the release of ultraviolet light, ultraviolet light can not be used for lighting. Common energy-saving lamps have an ordinary lamp Tubes and getting mainstream trichromatic lamp, and has advantages compared to incandescent bulbs saving. The difference is that ordinary lamp color is low, but the lamp of the three primary colors The color showing natural sunlight, molybdenum disk and the color and light efficiency is more than an ordinary lamp. Energy-saving light sources contain mercury. Since the boiling point of mercury is Low to evaporate at room temperature, after crushing discarded fluorescent tubes, and immediately distributed to the surrounding mercury vapor, allows instantaneous ambient air concentration of mercury per cubic M 10 to 20 mg, the state's maximum allowable mercury concentration in the air of 0.01 milligrams per cubic meter. Mercury into the human body is difficult to be excluded. 1, the production During and after use of waste mercury contamination, mercury pollution is currently Western countries is considerable attention. 2, because it is glass, easily broken, bad transportation. Not Installed. 3, the power consumption is still too big.

4, easy to damage, short life, energy and money molybdenum plating this sentence is that it is not the best portrayal.‍

molybdenum disk Tungsten and molybdenum

Tungsten and molybdenum have high melting point, high strength hardness, good high temperature performance, low resistivity, thermal expansion coefficient, electron work function of small features, is the most widely tungsten sheet used high-temperature

Metal materials. My company production of a variety of pure tungsten, pure molybdenum tubes, rods, plates, ingots, crucibles and various shaped products. Such as high temperature furnace parts, high Temperature crucibles, tubes semiconductor components, lamp anode, various electrodes, glass, industrial parts, galvanic porous and composite casing and the like. Tungsten crucible, tungsten tube, Tungsten and tungsten-rhenium tungsten disk alloy plate is an important component of Sapphire Dan Changjing stove and MOCVD; various large tungsten tube mandrel, forming, feeding station is connected to the furnace and quartz glass

Other important components of high temperature furnace; tungsten and molybdenum tube, tungsten and molybdenum crucible electrode is also indispensable for rare earth smelting industry consumables. Produced by our company through these products

Sapphire Dan Changjing many factories nationwide, MOCVD tungsten tube epitaxy facility, quartz glass, high temperature heat treatment plants and rare earth smelting plant for many years, with excellent results.

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molybdenum wire of the history of tungsten

Development of tungsten industry from the outset with the light bulb industry closely linked. In 1878, Edison (T.A.Edison) invented the carbon filament light bulbs.

But this bulb there is a serious drawback, mainly life is too short. Nearly 20 years later (1897), osmium carbon filament yarn and tantalum wire was replaced, but the Os, Ta melting

Points lower, and thus low operating molybdenum disk‍ temperature and light effects.

1879 Edison carbon filament probation and hundreds of hours of use. Although the "carbon" has a high melting point (3550 ℃), but it has a low "sublimation"

Temperature. Sublimation at low temperatures directly from solid to gaseous state, making it easy to consume, life is short. And must be completely isolated from the air (will burn in air)

. A melting point of almost all the current (3410 ℃) tungsten wire, the advantage of lower melting point which is lower than the "sublimation" rate. Can be heated to a higher "carbon

Silk "higher temperatures. Tungsten same will burn in air, requiring bulbs evacuated.

To prevent sublimation of the filament within the lamp contains an inert gas such as argon gas is mainly (argon) and does not contain oxygen. So that part of the gas by collision

Of tungsten atoms can return to the filament. Although the inert gas increases the service life of the filament, but also paid a price. Since the original vacuum bulb

The increased presence of an inert gas heat conduction and convection, the energy away, so reducing the equilibrium temperature. Sublimation gas tungsten inert gas formed in the weak The particles can also be formed on the surface convection within the lamp black spots.

In 1903, according to Jay zafirlukast (A.Just) and Hannah door (F.Hannaman) patents, Hungary for the first time to create a tungsten filament. It is the freedom of hydrogen containing carbon filament

Tungsten oxyhalide steam heated to a high temperature by the current, the carbon is completely replaced by tungsten. Incandescent filaments thus obtained contain more or less of carbon, not brittle

Very serious, and when using the lamp filament continuously molybdenum plating‍ densified filament thus vary the electrical parameters.

In 1904, Jay Sterling and Hannah door recognize the impact of carbon on the brittle carbon compounds mixed binder and tungsten, and then extruded into filaments, and then in hydrogen Reduction by heating the metal. Tungsten prepared in this way is very brittle, but because it is a much better light efficiency, or to replace the carbon filament, osmium and tantalum wire filament lamp used for the production Bubble.

Preparation of these methods are not fine tungsten wire. To solve this problem, in 1907, a low nickel content of tungsten alloy available, it is through machining methods

Prepared, but it is seriously hampered the application of brittleness. Until 1909, Coolidge (w.D.Coolidge) General Electric Company by powder metallurgy

Legal tungsten billet was then produced by machining ductile tungsten filament at room temperature, thereby laying the foundation for tungsten processing industry, but also laid the powder metallurgy Foundation.

However, this "ductility" tungsten filament light bulb lit after showed significant brittleness. In 1913, Ping Qi (Pintsch) invented the thorium tungsten wire (ThO2 content of 1% to

2%), so that the incandescent lamp is greatly reduced brittleness. Initially, the filament sag (see anti-sag tungsten performance) is not a problem, because the filament

Straight wire, but after 1913, Langmuir (Langmuir) will be replaced by straight wire spiral wire, so that when the lamp, high operating temperature and weight to make the role of

Filament sag, so pure tungsten and tungsten thorium are difficult to meet the requirements.

In order to solve the short life tungsten sagging and other issues, in 1917, Perth (A.Pacz) invented the high temperature "deformation" of the tungsten filament. At first, he was in the preparation of pure tungsten

When using a refractory crucible roasting WO3, WO3 restore accidentally discovered this tungsten spiral made of tungsten powder resulting abnormal mysteriously re-crystallized by no sagging. Follow

Later, after 218 repeated experiments, he finally found that the tungsten ingot‍ addition of potassium and sodium silicate in tungstate (WO3 · H2O), after reduction, pressing, sintering, machining

And other prepared tungsten wire, after a fairly coarse recrystallized grain structure, neither soft and anti-sagging, this is the first non-sag tungsten wire. Perth found no fewer than laid

Vertical tungsten production base, now called the United States still does not sag tungsten as "218 tungsten wire", to commemorate this major discovery Perth.

However, the first production of non-sag tungsten brittle than thorium tungsten severe that some tungsten bulb factory insist on using thorium as a filament. But with no sag tungsten production Process of continuous development and improvement, people gradually realize that tungsten oxide is added in the same K, Si, Al compounds that can make a good tungsten filament at high temperatures

Anti-sag performance, while having been satisfied after recrystallization temperature ductility. This is now commonly known as "AKS tungsten wire," or "does not sag tungsten wire" or

"Doped tungsten wire," Mir doped chan Carolina (T.Millner) in 1931, molybdenum plating‍ this improvement will not sag effect is called "GK effect."

molybdenum disk tungsten applications

tungsten applications

In addition to a small amount of tungsten heating material for high temperature furnace, heater tubes and composite reinforcement endures, most of them are used for the production of white

Tungsten wire

Filament incandescent lamps and molybdenum disk halogen and gas discharge lamp electrodes. Cathode gas discharge lamp for use as tungsten or tungsten rods, in order to reduce its electron work function, shall be added

0.5-3% thorium, tungsten thorium called wire. Since Thorium is a radioactive element, pollute the environment, it made a useful cerium tungsten thorium instead of cerium cerium tungsten wire or rod. But cerium

Evaporation rate, so that a tungsten filament or tungsten, cerium Ce can be used for small power pole gas discharge lamp.

Once the use of tungsten at high temperature recrystallization becomes very brittle in case of a shock or vibration can easily break. In some of the requirements of high reliability electric light

Products in order to prevent breakage of the filament, often in the tungsten molybdenum wire doped with 3 to 5% of rhenium, tungsten, rhenium wire is called, it can make the tungsten brittle transition temperature down to the extension at room temperature

Temperature or below. This is a very strange rhenium effect has not yet been able to find a substitute element rhenium, tungsten produce the same effect.

Tungsten at room temperature has good acid and alkali capacity, but in moist air easily oxidized, so fine tungsten can not be stored for too long in a wet environment. Also tungsten

1200 ℃ down to start the reaction with carbon from tungsten carbide, so the filament to burn hydrogen treatment should pay attention to this issue, otherwise its surface tungsten graphite lubrication

Reacting agent, the filament tungsten sheet must brittle fracture.