molybdenum, rhenium) used as a heat resistant alloy materials.

In aviation and rocket technology, and requires that the machine parts, engines and some instruments of other sectors with high heat intensity, tungsten and other metals to melt (tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, rhenium) used as a heat resistant alloy materials. In aviation and rocket technology, and requires that the machine parts, engines and some instruments of other sectors with high heat intensity, tungsten and other metals to melt (tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, rhenium) used as a heat resistant alloy materials. Tungsten plate, molybdenum plate, tungsten rod, molybdenum rod, tungsten tube, molybdenum tube, tungsten crucible, Molybdenum tube crucible and the high proportion of the contact material manufactured by powder metallurgy alloys tungsten - copper (10% to 40% copper) and tungsten - silver alloy, copper and silver both good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and wear resistance of tungsten. Therefore, it becomes manufacture knife switch, circuit breakers, spot welding electrodes and other working parts are very efficient contact material. Content of 90% to 95% tungsten, 1% to 6% nickel, 1% to 4% of a high proportion of copper alloy, and iron and copper (~ 5%) of the alloys used in the manufacture of the rotor gyroscope , aircraft, control the rudder counterweight, radioisotopes such as radiation shields and baskets. Tungsten plate, molybdenum plates, tungsten rods, molybdenum rods, tungsten tube, molybdenum tube, tungsten crucible, molybdenum crucible electric vacuum tungsten filament lighting materials tungsten, tungsten bands and various forging components for the tube production, radio electronics and X-ray technology. Incandescent tungsten filament is the best material and helical filaments. High temperature (2200 ~ 2500 ℃) ensure a high luminous efficiency, and small wire evaporation rate guarantee long life. Tungsten oscillating tube for manufacturing an electronic direct hot cathode and a gate, a cathode and a high voltage rectifier and a variety of electronic instruments indirectly heated cathode heaters. Do X-ray tube with a tungsten and cathode gas discharge tube and a cathode, and the radio equipment and atomic hydrogen welding torch electrode contacts. Tungsten and tungsten rod as a high temperature furnace (up to 3000 ℃) is a heater. Tungsten heater in a hydrogen atmosphere, an inert atmosphere or in vacuum work. Tungsten plate, molybdenum plate, tungsten rod, molybdenum rod, tungsten tube, molybdenum tube, tungsten crucible, molybdenum crucible

by allowing visible light through

In 1959 it was discovered after the halogen cycle principle produce halogen, it gives thermal radiation source has injected new vitality, this kind of light, small size, light maintenance rate of 95% or more, the luminous efficiency and lifetime were significantly better than incandescent lamps. In recent years, it has produced can be directly applied to the grid voltage 220V or 110V halogen lamps, and its size can be as small ?14 × 54mm, with a filament stability and shock resistance are excellent characteristics, Molybdenum tube and frosted bulb two kinds of different specifications, internal fuse in line with IEC A32-2 standard, G9 type lamp is easy to join, its main technical parameters are shown in Table 1 below. In recent years has launched a variety of energy-saving halogen lamps new varieties, such as on the use of quartz foam shell coated TiO2 / SiO2 infrared reflective layer technology (IRC) made JD-and JDR Halogen type novel, by allowing visible light through, and the process of the infrared reflecting back to the filament, the lamp luminous efficacy of 30% -45% increase, the life of 3000h. Since halogen chromogenic particularly good, but small volume and easy decoration, so much people still favored and widely used.Halogen tube is preferable to the illuminance higher, better color rendering or require dimming places, such as stadiums, town halls, banquet halls. The color temperature is particularly suitable for color television studio lighting. Because of its higher operating temperature, suitable for dusty, flammable, explosive, corrosive environment, as well as vibration places. Halogen quartz condenser for shooting movies, television and stage lighting or back in the spotlight with light fixtures.

What is a halogen tube?

Halogen (halogen lamp) is part of the filling gas containing a halogen element or a halide of a pneumatic incandescent lamps. In the ordinary incandescent lamp, the filament of the high temperature caused evaporation of tungsten evaporated tungsten carbide inserts deposited on the envelope, the lamp bulb blackening phenomenon generated. In 1959, the invention of halogen, halogen cycle using the principle of eliminating the black phenomenon.
Halogen cycle process is this: in the appropriate temperature conditions, tungsten evaporates from the filament in the area of ??cell wall material react with a halogen, a halogen to form volatile compounds. As the bubble wall temperature is high enough (250 o C), gaseous halogen compounds, halogen compounds when spread to the area around the hotter filament and tungsten halogen Shiyou differentiation. Released to return to the tungsten filament, and continue to participate in the halogen cycle. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, can produce a variety of tungsten halogen regenerative cycle. The main difference between them is the desired temperature cycling reaction occurs along with other substances within the lamp with varying degrees of action now mass production of various bromine tungsten lamp and pad tungsten lights, some lights are also part of the use chlorine as a loop agent. In order to make the resulting halide lamp wall in a gaseous state, halogen wall temperature is much higher than ordinary incandescent lamp. Accordingly, tungsten halogen bulb sizes will be much smaller, you must use high-temperature quartz glass or hard glass. As bulb size, high strength, light allowed on the high pressure, high temperature combined, the operating pressure within the lamp is much higher than ordinary light bulb inflator. Since the evaporation of tungsten halogen being more potent inhibition, while halogen cycle eliminates the bubble shell black, filament temperature and luminous efficiency can be greatly improved, and the lamp life can be extended accordingly. Divided into the main voltage halogen halogen (220V-240V direct access to power) and low-voltage halogen lamps (to be equipped with the appropriate adapter) are two low-voltage halogen lamps have a relatively longer life, safety performance lamps advantages. Choose halogen tips: color temperature of light, life, security, and whether filters to remove ultraviolet light.

Tungsten ore resources

First, the resource situation
     Tungsten eletrode ore resources is the advantage of our mineral resources. Have been discovered and proven reserves of 252 mines, total proved reserves (WO3, the same below) 6,375,000 t, where A + B + C class reserves of 2.32 million t, accounting for 36.4%. As of the end of 1996, tungsten ore reserves as 5,290,800 t, where A + B + C class reserves of 2,281,100 t, accounting for 43.1%.
     Chinese tungsten wire ore is rich in resources, is known the world, and its reserves in the world ranking, with China table A + B + C class reserves of the world reserve base in the world compared to the first one. No. 2 Canada (reserve base of 493 000 t), No. 3 Russia (reserve base of 355 000 t). Chinese tungsten ore reserves in the world not only the first, but also production and export volume ranking first in the world a long time, they have been acclaimed as "the world three first."

Second, the reserves distribution
     The country has proven reserves of tungsten ore 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Which reserves at 200,000 t more than eight provinces, followed by Hunan 1,798,900 t, Jiangxi 1,100,900 t, Henan 628500 t, Guangxi 349200 t, Fujian 306700 t, Guangdong 230200 t, Gansu 222900 t, Yunnan 216600 t, total 4,853,900 t, accounting for 91.7% of tungsten reserves (by the end of 1996 tungsten ore reserves of the National Statistics).
     Nationwide distribution from administrative point of view, in order: South Central tungsten reserves accounted for 58.2%, ranking the first place, followed by the Eastern Region accounted for 28%, accounting for 4.3% Northwest, Southwest, 4.1%, 3.2% Northeast, North China District accounted for 2.2%.

Distribution of China's tungsten resources how?

Tungsten eletrode content in the crust less heavy crust only 0.007 percent. About 20 different natural weight tungsten minerals, mainly wolframite (tungsten, manganese ore) and scheelite (calcium tungsten ore). World's biological resources are mainly concentrated in the Asian area, while China's tungsten ore reserves account for more than half the world's total reserves. Production and export of China's tungsten are also in the world, has always been international as "tungsten kingdom." Jiangxi and Hunan provinces tungsten ore reserves and accounted for more than half the country's total reserves. In addition, Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi, tungsten ore is also very rich. Mining of ore grade of tungsten trioxide generally contain 0.2 to 0.5%. Jiangxi Dajishan, West Mountain and several other tungsten ore, Yaogangxian Hunan, Guangdong and other places Shiren peaks, are important tungsten base.

Tungsten refining methods

Extraction: tungsten metal powder and carbon black raw material, by a certain percentage dubbed mixture, the mixture into the graphite boat, placed in carbon tube furnace or a sense of high frequency electric furnace at a temperature carbonization , then by ball milling, screening that was carbide powder.
1 Overview
Tungsten carbide (WC) is the main raw material for the production of carbide, the major domestic manufacturers have Zhuzhou, Zigong, Nanchang, Lushun Carbide plant. Annual production of tungsten carbide powder is mainly for domestic use, and some are exported to Japan, USA, Germany, Italy, France, Sweden and other countries.
2, nature
Dark gray powder, tungsten carbide powder, soluble in a variety of carbides, especially in great solubility in titanium carbide, TiC-WC solid solution is formed.
3, uses
Tungsten wire carbide powder is mainly used for the production of carbide.
4, manufacture
Tungsten metal powder and carbon black raw material, by a certain percentage dubbed mixture, the mixture into the graphite boat, placed in carbon tube furnace or a sense of high frequency electric furnace at a temperature carbonization, and then by milling, screening that was carbide powder

Black tungsten thin clay beneficiation methods

One kind of black tungsten carbide inserts fine mud beneficiation methods. Its features are: 1) To re-elect Desliming: won re-election and re-election concentrate tailings; 2) sulphide flotation: Getting sulfur sulphide flotation concentrate and tailings; 3) black tungsten flotation: the sulphide flotation tailings adjusting agent is added sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, lead nitrate, adding flotation sulfated oleic acid soap, after a second roughing, selection of 2 to 3 times, 2 to 3 times a sweep sorting, flotation concentrate was mixed black and white and black and white tungsten tungsten flotation tailings. This method is characterized by: black tungsten fine mud recycling process is simple, black and white mixed flotation process is stable tungsten, tungsten recovery, pharmaceutical and low cost. This process applies to WO ↓ [3] content of 0.10 to 0.50%, less than 30 micro-grain level WO ↓ [3] ≥ 60% share of the metal tungsten fine white clay.
Method, which is characterized by the following steps accordingly: a) To re-elect Desliming: black tungsten fine mud after roughing, selection, sorting sweep the election were re-elected and re-elected concentrate tailings; 2) sulphide float Select: gravity concentrate concentrated to 30 to 45% concentration, to obtain sulfur sulphide flotation concentrate and sulphide flotation tailings; 3) black tungsten flotation: the ore per ton of fine mud gauge, the vulcanization flotation tailings adjusting agent is added 100 to 500 grams of sodium carbonate, sodium silicate 500 to 5000 grams, 100 to 2000 g of aluminum sulfate, 50 to 1000 g of lead nitrate, stirred for 1 to 10 minutes; add oil collector sulfation 50 to 500 g acid soap, stirring for 1 to 10 minutes; through a second roughing, selection of 2 to 3 times, 2 to 3 times a sweeping election, flotation concentrate was mixed black and white and black and white tungsten tungsten flotation tailings.